ഇന്ത്യന് ബ്യൂറോക്രസിയുടെ ഏറ്റവും ഉയര്ന്ന പദവികളിലേക്കുള്ള പരീക്ഷയായ സിവില് സര്വ്വീസ് പരീക്ഷയ്ക്കായി ഏഷ്യാനെറ്റ് ഓണ്ലൈനും അമൃത ഐഎഎസ് അക്കാദമിയും ചേര്ന്നൊരുക്കുന്ന ചോദ്യമാതൃകയുടെ അറുപത്തിയേഴാം ഭാഗം.
• Answer (c)
• Statement 1 is correct. The act has given a practical shape to Article 40 of the Constitution which says that, ―The State shall take steps to organize village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government. This article forms a part of the directive Principles of State Policy.
• Statement 2 is correct. The act is a significant landmark in the evolution of grass root democratic institutions in the country. It transfers the representative democracy into participatory democracy. It is a revolutionary concept to build democracy at the grass-roots level in the country.
• Answer (b)
• Statement 1 is not correct. The governor of a state shall, after every five years, constitute a finance committee to review the financial position of the panchayats. This is provided under Article 243-I of the constitution. The state legislature may provide for the composition of the commission, the required qualifications of its members, and the manner of their selection.
• Statement 2 is correct. The governor shall place the recommendations of the commission along with the action taken report before the state legislature.
• Answer (a)
• Statement 1 is correct. ‘Ashwagandha’ (Withania somnifera), commonly known as ‘Indian winter cherry, is a traditional Indian herb that boosts energy, reduces stress, and makes the immune system stronger. It is an easily accessible, over-the-counter nutritional supplement in the U.K. and has a proven safety profile. The positive effects of ‘Ashwagandha’ have been observed in Long COVID, which is a multi-system disease with no evidence of its effective treatment or management.
• Statements 2 and 3 are not correct. Withania somnifera is cultivated in many of the drier regions of India. It is also found in Nepal, Sri Lanka, China, and Yemen.
• W. somnifera has not yet been assessed for the IUCN Red List.
• Answer (c)
• Statement 1 is correct. Kondapalli Reserve Forest is a reserved forest in the Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is spread over an area of 30,000 acres (120 km2) and is under the protection of the Andhra Pradesh Forest Department. Tella Poniki softwood is found in the forest which is useful in making the Kondapalli Toys.
• Statement 2 is not correct. Forest reserves are portions of state lands where commercial harvesting of wood products is excluded to capture elements of biodiversity that can be missing from sustainably harvested sites. In Reserved forests, rights to all activities like hunting, grazing, etc. are banned unless specific orders are issued otherwise.
• Statement 3 is correct. The first Reserve Forest of India was Satpura National Park.
• Answer (c)
• Statement 1 is correct. The Cabinet approved the extension of the centrally sponsored Samagra Shiksha scheme, which is an integrated scheme for school education, from April 1, 2021, to March 31, 2026, with an estimated outlay of around ₹3 lakh crores. The scheme is in accordance with Sustainable Development Goal for Education (SDG-4) and has now been aligned with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 to ensure inclusive and equitable, quality, and holistic school education.
• Statement 2 is not correct. It involves a 60:40 split in funding between the Centre and most States. The scheme launched in 2018 has been extended for the period 1st April 2021 to 31st March 2026 with a financial outlay of Rs.2,94,283.04 crore which includes the Central share of Rs.1,85,398.32 crore.
• Statement 3 is correct. It subsumes the three Schemes of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA), and Teacher Education (TE).
• Answer (a)
• Statement 1 is correct. e-RUPI is a cashless and contactless digital payment medium, which will be delivered to mobile phones of beneficiaries in form of an SMS string or a QR code.
• Statement 2 is correct: According to the government, e-RUPI is expected to ensure a leak-proof delivery of welfare services. It can also be used for delivering services under schemes meant for providing drugs and nutritional support under Mother and Child welfare schemes, TB eradication programs, drugs & diagnostics under schemes like Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana, fertilizer subsidies, etc. The government also said that even the private sector can leverage these digital vouchers as part of their employee welfare and corporate social responsibility programs.
• Statement 3 is not correct. The system has been built by NPCI on its UPI platform and has onboarded banks that will be the issuing entities. The platform, which has been developed by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), Department of Financial Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, and the National Health Authority, will be a person-specific and purpose-specific payments system.
• Answer (a)
• Umlingla Pass is in Eastern Ladakh.
• Jelep La or Jelap La is a high mountain pass between Sikkim, India, and Tibet Autonomous Region, China.
• The Bum La Pass is a border pass between Tibet's Cona County and India's Tawang district in Arunachal Pradesh.
• Answer (c)
• Statement 1 is correct. The country’s maiden indigenous aircraft carrier (IAC-1) INS Vikrant, built by Cochin Shipyard Ltd., sets off for sea trials off Kochi.
• Statement 2 is correct. IAC is a shining example of ‘Aatma Nirbhar Bharat’ as it has nearly 75 percent indigenous content - from design to steel used in construction to key weapons and sensors. Both Italy and Russia have helped in the development of this IAC, While the design was done with help from the Italian firm Fincantieri, the Russians collaborated in designing and developing the aviation complex.
• Answer (d)
• Statement 1 is correct. At the Calcutta session of the Congress in December 1906, the goal of the Indian National Congress was defined as Swarajya or self-government like the United Kingdom or the colonies. Also, a resolution supporting the program of swadeshi, boycott, and national education was adopted in this session.
• Statement 2 is correct. At the Banaras session (On December, 19; 1905) of the Indian National Congress presided over by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, the Moderate-Extremist differences came to the fore. Gradually, the differences became wide and ended with the split in two sects at Surat in December 1907.
• Statement 3 is correct. During the Swadeshi Movement, Rabindranath Tagore wrote 'Amar Sonar Bangla'. It later inspired the liberation struggle of Bangladesh and was adopted as its 'national anthem.
• Answer (b)
• The Jain theory of Anekantavada emphasizes that the ultimate truth and reality is complex, and has multiple aspects i.e theory of plurality. It refers to the simultaneous acceptance of multiple, diverse, even contradictory viewpoints. Anekantavada translated into practical terms in social context would mean three principles:
• Absence of dogmatism or fanaticism
• Honouring the freedom of others
• Peaceful coexistence and cooperation