സിവില്‍ സര്‍വ്വീസ് പരീക്ഷ: സൂഫി സാഹോദര്യത്തിന്‍റെ ഒത്തുചേരലുകൾക്കുള്ള സ്ഥലം എന്ത് പേരില്‍ അറിയപ്പെടുന്നു ?

Answer (c)

    The right to obtain recognition of religious association is not a fundamental right. Supreme court had in earlier judgment clarified that religious domination must satisfy 3 conditions: 
o    It should be a collection of individuals who have a system of belief 
o    It should have a common organization 
o    It should be designated by a distinctive name. 
    Under the above criteria, the Supreme court held that ‘Ramakrishna mission’ and ‘AnandaMarga’ are religious denominations within the Hindu religion. It also held that the Aurobindo society is not a religious denomination. 

Answer (d)

    Prohibition: Literally it means to ‘forbid’. It is issued by a higher court to lower court/ tribunal to prevent the latter from exceeding its jurisdiction or usurping a jurisdiction that it doesn’t possess. 
    Certiorari: In a literal sense, it means to be ‘certified or to be informed’. It is issued by a higher court to a lower court or tribunal either to transfer a case pending with the latter to itself or to quash the order of the latter in a case. It is issued on the ground of excess of jurisdiction, lack of jurisdiction, or error of law. 
    Mandamus: It literally means ‘we command’. It is a command issued by the court to a public official asking him to perform the official duty that he has failed or refused to perform.it can also be issued against any public body, a corporation, an inferior court, a tribunal, or a government for the same purpose.
    Quo-warranto: It means by ‘what authority or warrant’. It is issued by the court to enquire into the legality of the claim of a person to a public office. Hence it prevents illegal usurpation of public office by a person.

Answer (b)

    India and Asia's first National Dolphin Research Centre (NDRC), was set up in Bihar on the banks of the Ganga River in the Patna University premises. It will play an important role in strengthening conservation efforts and research to save the endangered mammal. 
    Gangetic river dolphin is India's national aquatic animal. Gangetic river species -- found in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal -- are almost completely blind. It finds its way and prey using echoes -- with sound being everything for them to navigate, feed, escape danger, find mates, breed, nurse babies and play. 
    Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary, India's only dolphin sanctuary, is spread over 50 km along the Ganges and is located in Bihar's Bhagalpur district.

Answer (c)

    Bengal Florican is a rare bustard species that is very well known for its mating dance. 
    It is found in Grasslands occasionally interspersed with scrublands. 
    It is Native to only 3 countries in the world – Cambodia, India, and Nepal. In India, it occurs in 3 states, namely Uttar Pradesh, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh. 
    Threats are Ongoing conversion of the bird’s grassland habitat for various purposes including agriculture is mainly responsible for its population decline. 
    The species has two disjunct populations, one in the Indian Subcontinent, the other in South-East Asia. The former occurs in the Indian Subcontinent mainly in India (Uttar Pradesh, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh.) and the Terai region of Nepal. 
    It inhabits lowland dry, or seasonally inundated, natural and semi-natural grasslands, often interspersed with scattered scrub or patchy open forest. 
    It has been listed as ‘Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. The bird is listed under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act of India, 1972 and Appendix I of CITES 
    It has a very small, rapidly declining population largely as a result of the widespread loss of its grassland habitat.

Answer (a)

Recently, the Italian Prime Minister has proposed Corona bonds to be issued by European Union (EU) to deal with the situation created by Covid-19.
Statement 1 is correct. Corona bonds would be a collective debt amongst EU member states, with the aim of providing financial relief to Eurozone countries battered by the coronavirus. 
Statement 2 is incorrect. The funds would be mutualized and supplied by the European Investment Bank, with the debt taken collectively by all member states of the European Union. 
Not all countries in the European Union (EU) are in favor of this idea. The idea of corona bonds has received reinforcement from nine EU countries, all keen to reach a financial solution as soon as possible. 
However, there also remains steep opposition to the idea of corona bonds. The resistance has come most notably from the ‘Frugal Four’.

Answer (b)

NIP is a first-of-its-kind initiative to provide world-class infrastructure across the country and improve the quality of life for all citizens. 
Statement 1 is not correct. The center (39 percent) and state (40 percent) are expected to have an almost equal share in implementing the projects.
Statement 2 is correct: It will improve project preparation, attract investments into infrastructure, and will be crucial for attaining the target of becoming a $5 trillion economy by FY 2025. It will cover both social and economic infrastructure.
Statement 3 is correct: It has outlined plans to invest more than ₹102 lakh crore on infrastructure projects by 2024-25, with the Centre, States, and the private sector to share the capital expenditure in a 39:39:22 formula.

Answer (d)

    There are commercial and non-commercial sources of energy. Commercial sources are coal, petroleum, and electricity as they are bought and sold. Non-commercial sources of energy are fuelwood, agricultural waste, and dried dung.
    Both commercial and non-commercial sources of energy are known as conventional sources of energy.
    There are three other sources of energy that are commonly termed non-conventional sources — solar energy, wind energy, and tidal power.

Answer (a)

    ASEAN officially the Association of Southeast Asian Nations,[12] is an economic union comprising 10 member states in Southeast Asia, which promotes intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, security, military, educational, and sociocultural integration between its members and other countries in Asia.
    The Group of Eight (G8) was an inter-governmental political forum from 1997 until 2014. It had formed from incorporating the country of Russia into the Group of Seven, or G7, and returned to its previous name after Russia was disinvited in 2014. The other members are Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Answer (c)

    The first period which extends from 1885 to 1903 was a period of ModerateNationalism and the Indian nationalist leaders guiding and directing the Congress came to be known as the Moderates.
    The main moderate leaders were DadabhaiNaoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta, D.E. Wacha, W.C. Banerjee and Surendranath Banerjee. 
    At the beginning of the twentieth century, a few new Indian nationalist leaders emerged on the Indian political scene challenging the exploitative and oppressive rule of the British Government with extra-Constitutional means and methods.
    These leaders initially included BalGangadharTilak, LalaLajpatRai, Bipin Chandra Pal, Aurobindo Ghosh, Raj Narain Bose, Ashwini Kumar Datta, and VishnushastriChiplunkar. 

Answer (a)

    A Dargah is a shrine built over the grave of a revered religious figure, often a Sufi saint. Sufis often visit the shrine for Ziyarat, a term associated with religious visits and pilgrimages. Dargahs are often associated with Sufi eating and meeting rooms and hostels, called khanqah or hospices. 
    Khanqah is a building designed specifically for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood (or tariqa) and is a place for spiritual retreat and character reformation. In the past, and to a lesser extent nowadays, they often served as hospices for saliks (Sufi travelers), Murids (initiates), and Talibs (Islamic students). Khanqahs are very often found adjoined to dargahs, mosques, and madrasas. 
    Urs is the death anniversary of a Sufi saint, usually held at dargahs (shrine or tomb). Urs rituals are generally performed by the custodians of the shrine or the existing Shaikh of the silsila. Urs is usually celebrated with enthusiasm and includes the singing of religious music such as qawwali. The celebration also features food samples, bazaar, and various kinds of shops. The Urs of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti at Dargah Sharif in Ajmer is regarded as one of the most famous Urs festivals around the world.
    Muraqabahrefers to meditation in Sufi terminology. Through Muraqabah a person watches over their (spiritual) heart and gains insight into the heart’s relation with its creator and its own surroundings.